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finance-app/prisma/migrations/0014_loan_statements/migration.sql
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siddharthd 76db9dddb4
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feat(loans): principal/interest split so repayments stop distorting spend
A loan repayment is not an expense. A $3,000 mortgage repayment is roughly
$1,200 of principal (equity — a balance-sheet move) and $1,800 of interest (the
only part that is genuinely spend).

Migration 0014:
- transactions.principal_amount / interest_amount, populated only when the lender
  itemises the split on the repayment row
- statements.interest_rate, scheduled_repayment, repayment_frequency,
  redraw_available, loan_term_months
- normalize_repayment_frequency() + trigger, so "Fortnightly", "Bi-Weekly" and
  "Every 2 weeks" all land on 'fortnightly'

Two statement shapes are handled. Where the loan statement lists repayments and
"Interest Charged" as separate rows (the common Australian case), transaction_type
already does the work. Where a lender itemises the split on the repayment row,
that row is typed 'payment' and would be skipped entirely — losing the interest.
New SPEND_ROWS / SPEND_BASE fragments in analytics-sql.ts count such rows at
interest_amount instead of amount.

Adds the loan_interest category (+ colour, and the missing fees colour).

Verified against the live DB with a synthetic ANZ home loan statement: a $3,000
itemised repayment plus a $10 service fee moved April spend by exactly $1,810,
with the $1,200 principal excluded and still retained on the row. Test data
removed and the figure confirmed back at its original value.
2026-07-26 00:21:01 +10:00

86 lines
3.9 KiB
PL/PgSQL

-- Loan statement support.
--
-- Migration 0013 taught the system that a statement can be a loan; this gives
-- loans somewhere to put the data that only loans have.
--
-- The core accounting problem: a loan repayment is not an expense. A $3,000
-- mortgage repayment is roughly $1,200 of principal (a balance-sheet move that
-- builds equity) and $1,800 of interest (the only part that is genuinely spend).
-- Counting the whole repayment as spending overstates expenses badly.
--
-- Two statement shapes are handled:
-- (a) The common Australian case — the loan statement lists repayments and
-- "Interest Charged" as separate rows. transaction_type already carries
-- this: 'interest' rows count as spend, 'payment' rows do not.
-- (b) Some lenders itemise principal and interest on the repayment row itself.
-- That's what principal_amount / interest_amount are for: when
-- interest_amount is set, analytics count that instead of the full amount.
--
-- Idempotent: safe to re-run.
-- Per-transaction principal/interest split (shape (b) above).
ALTER TABLE transactions
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS principal_amount NUMERIC(12,2),
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS interest_amount NUMERIC(12,2);
COMMENT ON COLUMN transactions.principal_amount IS
'Principal portion of a loan repayment, when the statement itemises it. Not spend.';
COMMENT ON COLUMN transactions.interest_amount IS
'Interest portion of a loan repayment, when the statement itemises it. This is the part that counts as spend.';
-- Partial index: only loan repayment rows carry a split.
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_transactions_interest_amount
ON transactions (interest_amount)
WHERE interest_amount IS NOT NULL;
-- Loan-level terms, read off the statement header.
ALTER TABLE statements
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS interest_rate NUMERIC(6,3),
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS scheduled_repayment NUMERIC(12,2),
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS repayment_frequency TEXT,
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS redraw_available NUMERIC(12,2),
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS loan_term_months INTEGER;
COMMENT ON COLUMN statements.interest_rate IS 'Annual interest rate as a percentage, e.g. 6.140';
COMMENT ON COLUMN statements.redraw_available IS 'Funds available to redraw (loans) — not the same as available_credit on a card.';
-- Free text varies by lender ("Monthly", "Fortnightly"); normalise the common
-- spellings rather than constraining, so an unexpected value never blocks an import.
ALTER TABLE statements DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS statements_repayment_frequency_check;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION normalize_repayment_frequency(raw TEXT)
RETURNS TEXT AS $$
DECLARE
v TEXT := lower(trim(coalesce(raw, '')));
BEGIN
IF v = '' THEN RETURN NULL; END IF;
-- Check fortnightly spellings before the bare '%week%' match below.
IF v LIKE '%fortnight%' OR v LIKE '%bi-week%' OR v LIKE '%biweek%'
OR v LIKE '%2 week%' OR v LIKE '%two week%' OR v LIKE '%14 day%'
THEN RETURN 'fortnightly'; END IF;
IF v LIKE '%month%' THEN RETURN 'monthly'; END IF;
IF v LIKE '%week%' THEN RETURN 'weekly'; END IF;
IF v LIKE '%quarter%' THEN RETURN 'quarterly'; END IF;
IF v LIKE '%annual%' OR v LIKE '%year%' THEN RETURN 'annually'; END IF;
RETURN v;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION statements_normalize_loan_fields_trigger()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
BEGIN
NEW.repayment_frequency := normalize_repayment_frequency(NEW.repayment_frequency);
RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS trg_statements_normalize_loan_fields ON statements;
CREATE TRIGGER trg_statements_normalize_loan_fields
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF repayment_frequency ON statements
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION statements_normalize_loan_fields_trigger();
UPDATE statements
SET repayment_frequency = normalize_repayment_frequency(repayment_frequency)
WHERE repayment_frequency IS NOT NULL
AND repayment_frequency IS DISTINCT FROM normalize_repayment_frequency(repayment_frequency);